I. Nylon 66: ulu paʻa i ka noi, ka laulā nui no ka hoʻokomo ʻana

1.1 Nylon 66: ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana, akā ʻaʻole pono ponoʻī nā mea maka

ʻO Nylon ka inoa maʻamau no ka polyamide a i ʻole PA.Hōʻike ʻia kona ʻano kemika e ka hele ʻana o nā hui amide hou (-[NHCO]-) ma ke kaulahao nui o ka mole.Nui nā ʻano like ʻole o ka nylon, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i aliphatic PA, aliphatic-aromatic PA a me ka aromatic PA e like me ke ʻano o ka monomer, nona ka aliphatic PA i loaʻa ākea, i hana ʻia i ka nui a hoʻohana ʻia i nā noi he nui, ʻoi aku ka nui. nylon 6 a me ka nylon 66 ma waena o nā nylon aliphatic.

Loaʻa i ka Nylon nā waiwai āpau a puni, e like me nā waiwai mechanical, ka wela wela, ka pale ʻana i ka abrasion, ke kūpaʻa kemika a me ka lubrication ponoʻī, a he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, kekahi mau ahi retardancy a me ka hana maʻalahi.Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka nylon kekahi mau hemahema e like me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wai absorption, wela shrinkage, maʻalahi deformation o nā huahana a me nā pilikia i ka demoulding, e koi ana i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana e hoʻomaikaʻi i kāna hana holoʻokoʻa.

ʻEkolu mau hoʻohana nui no ka nylon: 1) civil nylon yarn: hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia a wili wale ʻia i loko o nā huahana lāʻau lapaʻau a hili ʻia.Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā filament nylon i ka ʻoihana wili a me ka siliki, e like me ka ulana monofilament socks, elastic silk socks a me nā ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe o nā socks nylon kūʻokoʻa, nā sarongs nylon, nā makika, nā lace nylon, nā lole o waho o ka nylon, nā ʻano ʻokoʻa o ka nylon silk a i ʻole. nā huahana silika i ulana ʻia.Hoʻohui ʻia ka nui o nā naylon staple fibers me ka hulu hipa a i ʻole nā ​​mea kemika ʻē aʻe e hana ai i nā lole paʻakikī like ʻole.2) ʻO ke kaula nylon ʻoihana: Ma ka ʻoihana, hoʻohana ʻia ka nylon i nā mea nui e hana i ke kaula pilahi, ka lole ʻoihana, nā kaula, nā kāʻei conveyor, nā hale lole, nā ʻupena lawaiʻa, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.(3) ʻEnekinia plastics: hana ʻia i nā huahana like ʻole e pani i ka metala, hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā ʻoihana kaʻa a me nā ʻoihana kaʻa.ʻO nā huahana maʻamau nā impellers pump, fan blades, valve seats, bushings, bearings, nā ʻāpana mea hana like ʻole, nā mea uila kaʻa, nā ʻili wela wela a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ka nylon ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo ka nylon 6 a me ka nylon 66, ʻoiai ʻo kā lākou hana a me nā wahi noi he nui ka uhi ʻana, akā ma ka ʻōlelo ʻana, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka nylon 66, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ke kapa komo, ka manaʻo palupalu, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana holoʻokoʻa, akā palupalu, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ke kala a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kumu kūʻai ma mua o ka nylon 6. ʻO ka Nylon 6 ʻoi aku ka ikaika, palupalu, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana ma mua o ka nylon 66, i ka wā e hālāwai ai me nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ka hoʻoilo, maʻalahi e lilo i brittle, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ke kumukūʻai ma mua o ka nylon 66, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ke kumukūʻai ma mua o ka nylon 66, e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kumukūʻai.No laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka nylon 6 i ka māla lole kīwila, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka nylon 66 i ka ʻoihana siliki a me ka ʻenekinia plastics kahua, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka lalo o ka nylon 66 i ke kahua kaʻa, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka nylon 66 i nā hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe. ma mua o ka nylon 6.

Ma ke ʻano o ka hāʻawi ʻana a me ke koi ʻana, ʻokoʻa loa ka nylon 6 a me ka nylon 66.ʻO ka mea mua, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mākeke o ka nylon 6 ma mua o ka nylon 66, me ka ʻike ʻia o ke koi ʻana no ka nylon 6 chips ma Kina he 3,2 miliona tons ma 2018, hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 520,000 tonnes no ka nylon 66. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka nylon 6 a Kina a me kona upstream ʻO ka caprolactam waiwai waiwai ka mea i lawa pono iā ia iho, me ka nui o ka pono pono'ī o ka nylon 6 hiki i ka 91% a me ka caprolactam 93%;akā naʻe, ʻo ka 64% wale nō ka lawa pono ʻana o ka nylon 66, ʻoiai ʻo ka hilinaʻi hoʻokomo ʻana o ka caprolactam maka kiʻekiʻe e like me 100%.Mai ka hiʻohiʻona o ka hoʻokomo ʻana mai, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nui o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ke kaulahao ʻoihana nylon 66 ma mua o ka nylon 6. Ke nānā nei kēia hōʻike i ka hopena o ka hoʻolako ʻana, koi a me ka ʻenehana o ka nylon 66 a me kāna mea ulu. , adiponitrile, ma ke kaiaola o ka oihana.

Loaʻa ka nylon 66 mai ka polycondensation o adipic acid a me adipic diamine ma ka ratio 1:1 molar.Hoʻopuka pinepine ʻia ka ʻakika Adipic e ka hydrogenation o ka benzene maʻemaʻe a ukali ʻia e ka oxidation me ka waikawa nitric.ʻO ka ʻenehana hana no ka ʻakika adipic ma Kina he ʻano makua a he nui ka hiki.

I ka makahiki 2018, ʻo ka koi ʻike no ka adipic acid ma Kina he 340,000 tonnes a ʻo ka hana ʻāina ʻo 310,000 tonnes, me ka nui o ka pono ponoʻī ma luna o 90%.Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hana ʻenehana o ka hexamethylene diamine ua kokoke loa i ka hydrogenation o adiponitrile, i lawe ʻia i kēia manawa i Kina, no laila, ʻo ka ʻoihana nylon 66 e pili pono ana i nā pilikua haole o adiponitrile.Ke noʻonoʻo nei i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka ʻenehana adiponitrile kūloko, ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei mākou ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka adiponitrile e alakaʻi i nā loli hohonu i ka ʻoihana nylon 66 i nā makahiki e hiki mai ana.

1.2 Nylon 66 lako a koi: oligopoly a me ka hilinaʻi kiʻekiʻe i lawe mai

ʻO ka ʻai ʻana o ka nylon 66 ma Kina he 520,000 tonnes i 2018, e helu ana ma kahi o 23% o ka nui o ka hoʻohana honua.Ua helu ʻia nā plastic plastics no 49%, nā wili ʻoihana no 34%, nā wili kīwila no 13% a me nā noi ʻē aʻe no 4%.ʻO nā plastics ʻenekinia ka mea nui loa ma lalo o ka nylon 66, me kahi o 47% o nā nylon 66 ʻenekinia plastics i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻoihana kaʻa, ukali ʻia e nā uila a me nā uila (28%) a me ka lawe kaʻaahi (25%).

Ke hoʻomau nei ʻo Automotive i ka mea hoʻokele nui o ke koi no ka nylon 66, me ka piʻi nui ʻana o ka manaʻo i ka pono o ka wahie a me ka hoʻemi ʻana o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o nā kaʻa e hoʻokau i kahi makemake no nā plastics māmā ma luna o nā metala i ke koho ʻana i nā mea e nā mea hana kaʻa.ʻO ka Nylon 66 kahi mea māmā me nā waiwai wela maikaʻi loa, e lilo ia i koho kaulana no nā mea hana kaʻa a hoʻohana ʻia i kahi ākea o nā noi powertrain automotive.He wahi noi nui nō hoʻi nā Airbags no nā filament ʻoihana nylon 66.Manaʻo ka noi nui mai ka ʻoihana automotive e hoʻoulu i ka ulu o ka mākeke nylon 66.

Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Nylon 66 i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana uila a me nā ʻāpana uila, nā ʻāpana uila pololei, nā kukui uila, nā kuke laiki, nā hoovers uila, nā mea wela uila uila kiʻekiʻe, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ka hana ʻana i nā pahu hui, nā hoʻololi a me nā mea pale.Hoʻohana pū ʻia ka nylon 66 i ka hana ʻana i nā kiʻi uea papa kuhikuhi, nā mea mālama a me nā pihi kiko.

ʻO nā kaʻaahi ka ʻekolu o nā wahi noi nui loa no ka nylon 66 plastics engineering.ʻO ke aniani fiber reinforced nylon 66 he ikaika, māmā, pale ʻia, pale i ka corrosion, maʻalahi e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, hoʻololi ʻia no ka paʻakikī, ka wā a me ka insulation, a ua hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā ʻoihana kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me nā ʻoihana metro.

ʻO ka ʻoihana nylon 66 he mau hiʻohiʻona oligopoly maʻamau, me ka hana honua ʻana o ka nylon 66 i hoʻopaʻa nui ʻia i nā ʻoihana nui e like me INVISTA a me Shenma, no laila ua kiʻekiʻe nā mea pale i ke komo ʻana, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma ka ʻaoʻao o luna o ke kaulahao ʻoihana.Ma ka ʻaoʻao koi, ʻoiai ʻo ka piʻi ʻana o ka ulu ʻana o ka honua a me Kina a me nā ʻoihana ʻenehana a me nā ʻoihana kaʻa e hāʻule i ka makahiki 2018-2019, i ka wā lōʻihi ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei mākou ʻo ka piʻi ʻana o ka mana hoʻohana o ka heluna kanaka a me ka piʻi ʻana o nā kaʻa kaʻa pākahi. ka nui o ka lumi no ka makemake no ka textiles a me na kaa.Manaʻo ʻia ʻo Nylon 66 e hoʻomau i ka ulu mau ʻana i nā makahiki e hiki mai ana, a hāʻawi ʻia i ke ʻano hoʻolako o kēia manawa, nui ka nui o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka lawe ʻana mai ma Kina.